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Brassica napus 1

Brassica napus 1

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breeding 1

cadmium (Cd) 1

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low-Cd cultivar 1

low-cadmium-accumulating cultivar (LCAC) 1

pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) 1

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Advances of Transgenic Breeding on Rapeseed (Brassica napus)

Guan Chunyun

Strategic Study of CAE 2002, Volume 4, Issue 8, Pages 34-39

Abstract:

The advances abroad of gene transformation on rapeseed (Brassica napus) were introduced, includingIt described advances of transgenic breeding of rapeseed (Brassica napus) in Oil Crops Institute, Hunan

Keywords： rapeseed transgenic breeding

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Mercury enrichment in

Chunhao Dai, Pufeng Qin, Zhangwei Wang, Jian Chen, Xianshan Zhang, Si Luo

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 1, doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0892-z

Abstract: Mercury enrichment in response to elevated atmospheric mercury concentrations in the organs of rape ( ) was investigated. Elevated soil mercury content had significant impact on mercury accumulation in rape stems, roots, seeds and seed coats. Leaf mercury in the leaves was mostly affected by atmospheric input while the stems were mostly affected by soil concentrations. Mercury in the aboveground plant tissue mainly derived from atmospheric absorption, and atmospheric mercury absorption in leaves was higher than that in the stems. Mercury enrichment in response to elevated atmospheric mercury concentrations in the organs of rape ( ) was investigated using an open top chamber fumigation experiment and a soil mercury enriched cultivation experiment. Results indicate that the mercury concentration in leaves and stems showed a significant variation under different concentrations of mercury in atmospheric and soil experiments while the concentration of mercury in roots, seeds and seed coats showed no significant variation under different atmospheric mercury concentrations. Using the function relation established by the experiment, results for atmospheric mercury sources in rape field biomass showed that atmospheric sources accounted for at least 81.81% of mercury in rape leaves and 32.29% of mercury in the stems. Therefore, mercury in the aboveground biomass predominantly derives from the absorption of atmospheric mercury.

Keywords： Open top chamber Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) Soil Mercury Brassica napus

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A Study on Triacylglycerol Composition and the Structure of High-Oleic Rapeseed Oil Artical

Mei Guan, Hong Chen, Xinghua Xiong, Xin Lu, Xun Li, Fenghong Huang, Chunyun Guan

Engineering 2016, Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages 258-262 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.02.004

Abstract:

The composition of fatty acids in triacylglycerides (TAGs) and their position on the glycerol backbone determine the nutritional value of vegetable oil. In this study, gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) were used to analyze the composition and distribution of fatty acids in TAGs of different rapeseed oils. Our results show the content of oleic acid in high-oleic-acid rapeseed oil to be about 80%. In terms of the number of acyl carbon atoms (CN), TAGs with CN52–C54 were most abundant, with a maximum concentration at CN54 (80%). The main type of TAG was oleic-oleic-oleic (OOO), accounting for 71.75%, while oleic-oleic-linoleic (OOL) accounted for 7.56%, oleic-oleic-linolenic (OOLn) accounted for 4.81%, and stearic-oleic-oleic (SOO) accounted for 4.74%. Oleic acid in high-oleic-acid rapeseed oil was distributed in the following order of preference: sn-2?>?sn-1/3. In high-erucic-acid rapeseed oil, however, oleic acid was enriched at the sn-1/3. These data show that the content of oleic acid can be as high as about 80% in high-oleic-acid material. This finding suggests that high-oleic-acid rapeseed oil has high nutritional value.

Keywords： Brassica napus Fatty acid Triacylglycerol

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Identification of pakchoi cultivars with low cadmium accumulation and soil factors that affect their cadmium uptake and translocation

Lin WANG,Yingming XU,Yuebing SUN,Xuefeng LIANG,Dasong LIN

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 6, Pages 877-887 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0676-7

Abstract: The selection and use of low-Cd-accumulating cultivar (LCAC) has been proposed as one of the promising approaches in minimizing the entry of Cd in the human food chain. This study suggests a screening criterion of LCACs focusing on food safety. Pot culture and plot experiments were conducted to screen out LCACs from 35 pakchoi cultivars and to identify the crucial soil factors that affect Cd accumulation in LCACs. Results of the pot culture experiment showed that shoot Cd concentrations under the three Cd treatments significantly varied across cultivars. Two cultivars, Hualv 2 and Huajun 2, were identified as LCACs because their shoot Cd concentrations were lower than 0.2 mg·kg under low Cd treatment and high Cd exposure did not affect the biomass of their shoots. The plot experiment further confirmed the consistency and genotypic stability of the low-Cd-accumulating traits of the two LCACs under various soil conditions. Results also showed that soil phosphorus availability was the most important soil factor in the Cd accumulation of pakchoi, which related negatively not only to Cd uptake by root but also to Cd translocation from root to shoot. The total Cd accumulation and translocation rates were lower in the LCACs than in the high-Cd cultivar, suggesting that Cd accumulation in different cultivars is associated with the Cd uptake by root as well as translocation from root to shoot. This study proves the feasibility of the application of the LCAC strategy in pakchoi cultivation to cope with Cd contamination in agricultural soils.

Keywords： pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)

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Comparisons in subcellular and biochemical behaviors of cadmium between low-Cd and high-Cd accumulation cultivars of pakchoi (

Meng XUE, Yihui ZHOU, Zhongyi YANG, Biyun LIN, Jiangang YUAN, Shanshan WU

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages 226-238 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0582-4

Abstract: Subcellular distributions and chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) in the leaves, stems and roots were investigated in low-Cd accumulation cultivars and high-Cd accumulation cultivars of pakchoi ( L.). Root cell wall played a key role in limiting soil Cd from entering the protoplast, especially in the low-Cd cultivars. The high-Cd cultivars had significantly higher leaf and stem Cd concentrations than the low-Cd cultivars in cell wall fraction, chloroplast/trophoplast fraction, organelle fraction and soluble fraction. In low-Cd cultivars, which were more sensitive and thus had greater physiological needs of Cd detoxification than high-Cd cultivars, leaf vacuole sequestrated higher proportions of Cd. Cd in the form of pectate/protein complexes (extracted by 1 mol·L NaCl) played a decisive role in Cd translocation from root to shoot, which might be one of the mechanisms that led to the differences in shoot Cd accumulation between the two types of cultivars. Furthermore, the formation of Cd-phosphate complexes (extracted by 2% HAc) was also involved in Cd detoxification within the roots of pakchoi under high Cd stress, suggesting that the mechanisms of Cd detoxification might be different between low- and high-Cd cultivars.

Keywords： cadmium (Cd) low-Cd cultivar pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)